{"id":2320,"date":"2023-06-15T11:18:05","date_gmt":"2023-06-15T04:18:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kamnotra.io\/en\/?p=2320"},"modified":"2023-09-28T08:20:49","modified_gmt":"2023-09-28T01:20:49","slug":"elections-imbalances-tilt-against-women-phnom-penh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kamnotra.io\/en\/2023\/06\/elections-imbalances-tilt-against-women-phnom-penh\/","title":{"rendered":"Election\u2019s Imbalances Tilt Against Women, Phnom Penh"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Some 1,614 candidates from 18 parties will contest the July 23 vote, which continues to be skewed by gender disparities and imbalances between provinces. The ruling party has only 16 women candidates among its 125, while a vote in Kep or Pailin is three times more powerful than a vote in Phnom Penh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aging Candidates<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Eighty percent of Cambodia\u2019s population is younger than 48, while 56% is below 30, according to the 2019 census. Yet the ruling Cambodian People\u2019s Party leans oldest among the allowed contesting parties, with its candidates most commonly aged 69 years old (14 individuals) and on average over 63 years old.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>National Assembly president Heng Samrin is the oldest in the party \u2014 89 as of election day \u2014 followed by Royal Palace Minister Kong Sam Ol at 86, according to official lists published by the National Election Committee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Most other CPP top brass are in their 70s: Prime Minister Hun Sen at 70 as of the July 23 vote, Interior Minister Sar Kheng 72, and Defense Minister Tea Banh 77.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[Search through parties\u2019 candidate lists on Kamnotra\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/kamnotra.io\/en\/election-2023\">Ballot \u201923<\/a> page.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Behind them is the CPP\u2019s so-called \u201cnew generation\u201d in their 40s, including Environment Minister Say Sam Al (43), Justice Minister Keut Rith (44), Sar Kheng\u2019s son Sar Sokha (42), Tea Banh\u2019s son Tea Seiha (42) and Hun Sen\u2019s sons Hun Manet (45), expected to take his father\u2019s place as prime minister, and Hun Many (40), who serves as president of the CPP-linked Union of Youth Federations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two ministers \u2014 Finance Minister Aun Pornmoniroth at 57 and Telecommunications Minister Chea Vandeth at 51 \u2014 bridge the gap between the two generations, while the CPP\u2019s youngest candidate is Kampong Thom\u2019s sitting lawmaker Yim Leat, 36.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Cambodian Youth Party, perhaps unsurprisingly, has the youngest candidates with an average age of 39, while the average among all parties is 48 years old \u2014 15 years below the CPP\u2019s average.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Several candidates from the Cambodia Indigenous Peoples Democracy Party, Cambodian Nationality Party, Democracy Power Party, Dharmacracy, Funcinpec, Khmer Anti-Poverty Party and Women for Women Party are 25, the youngest age among candidates, such as the Indigenous Peoples Party\u2019s No. 1 ranked candidate in Banteay Meanchey, Toung Len. The Cambodian Nationality Party\u2019s Chab Han is the oldest at 90.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!-- PART 1: AGE -->\n\n<h5>Candidate Ages by Party<\/h5>\n<div id=\"ages-by-party\"><\/div>\n<h5>Candidate Ages by Province<\/h5>\n<div id=\"ages-by-province\"><\/div>\n\n<style>\n#ages-by-party, #ages-by-province {\n\tdisplay: flex;\n\tflex-wrap: wrap;\n\tjustify-content: center;\n\tgap: 1rem;\n}\n#ages-by-party > canvas, #ages-by-province > canvas {\n\tflex-basis: 0;\n\tflex-grow: 1;\n\tmargin-bottom: 1rem;\n}\n#ages-by-party > canvas {\n\tmax-width: 16rem;\n\tmax-height: 12rem;\n}\n#ages-by-province > canvas {\n\tmax-width: 12rem;\n\tmax-height: 9rem;\n}\n\n\/* Mobile *\/\n@media screen and (max-width: 640px) {\n  #ages-by-province > canvas {\n    max-width: 9rem;\n    max-height: 9rem;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<script>\n_Data()\nasync function _Data() {\n\tawait knData(['ElecCands-2023', 'Translations', 'Communes']);\n\t_Ages();\n\t_Gender();\n}\n\nfunction _Ages() {\n\tconst by_party = knDATA['ElecCands-2023']\n\t\t.reduce((parties, row) => {\n\t\t\tparties[row.Party_En] = parties[row.Party_En] || Array(80).fill(0);\n\t\t\tparties[row.Party_En][parseInt(row.Age)-20] =\n\t\t\t\t(parties[row.Party_En][parseInt(row.Age)-20] || 0) + 1;\n\t\t\treturn parties;\n\t\t}, {});\n\tconst by_province = knDATA['ElecCands-2023']\n\t\t.reduce((provinces, row) => {\n\t\t\tprovinces[row.Province] = provinces[row.Province] || Array(80).fill(0)\n\t\t\tprovinces[row.Province][parseInt(row.Age)-20] =\n\t\t\t\t(provinces[row.Province][parseInt(row.Age)-20] || 0) + 1\n\t\t\treturn provinces\n\t\t}, {});\n\n\tconst parties = document.getElementById('ages-by-party');\n\tObject.entries(by_party).forEach(([name, ages]) => {\n\t\tconst chart = document.createElement('canvas');\n\t\tconst total = ages.reduce((sum, n) => sum + n);\n\t\tconst avg =\n\t\t\tages.reduce((sum, n, age) => sum + n*(age + 20), 0) \/\n\t\t\ttotal;\n\t\tlet median;\n\t\tages.reduce((sum, n, age) => {\n\t\t\tif (total \/ 2 >= sum && total \/ 2 <= sum + n) {\n\t\t\t\tmedian = age + 20;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\treturn sum + n;\n\t\t})\n\n\t\tnew Chart(chart, {\n\t\t\tdata: {\n\t\t\t\tlabels: [...Array(80).keys()].map(age => age + 20),\n\t\t\t\tdatasets: [{\n\t\t\t\t\ttype: 'line',\n\t\t\t\t\tdata: ages.map((y, x) => ({x:x+20, y})),\n\t\t\t\t\tborderColor: Color(name) || '#a8a0a0',\n\t\t\t\t\tpointStyle: false,\n\t\t\t\t\ttension: 0.2\n\t\t\t\t}, {\n\t\t\t\t\ttype: 'bar',\n\t\t\t\t\tdata: ages.map((y, x) => ({x:x+20, y})),\n\t\t\t\t\tbackgroundColor: (Color(name) || '#a8a0a0') + '80',\n\t\t\t\t\tbarThickness: 1\n\t\t\t\t}, {\n\t\t\t\t\ttype: 'bar',\n\t\t\t\t\tdata: [{x: avg, y: 14}],\n\t\t\t\t\tbackgroundColor: '#cf2e2e',\n\t\t\t\t\tbarThickness: 0.25\n\t\t\t\t}, {\n\t\t\t\t\ttype: 'bar',\n\t\t\t\t\tdata: [{x: median, y: 14}],\n\t\t\t\t\tbackgroundColor: '#ff6900',\n\t\t\t\t\tbarThickness: 0.25\n\t\t\t\t}]\n\t\t\t},\n\t\t\toptions: {\n\t\t\t\tplugins: {\n\t\t\t\t\tlegend: {display: false},\n\t\t\t\t\ttitle: {display: true, text: knLANG == 'Kh'?\n\t\t\t\t\t\t`${name}, \u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u1792\u17d2\u1799\u1798 ${knLang(Number(avg).toFixed(1))}`:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t`${name}, ${Number(avg).toFixed(1)} avg`}\n\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\tscales: {\n\t\t\t\t\tx: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttype: 'linear',\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmin: 20,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmax: 100,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tgrid: {offset: false}\n\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\ty: {max: 14}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t});\n\t\tparties.appendChild(chart);\n\t});\n\n\tconst provinces = document.getElementById('ages-by-province');\n\tObject.entries(by_province).sort((a, b) => knSort(a[0], b[0])).forEach(([name, ages]) => {\n\t\tconst chart = document.createElement('canvas');\n\t\tconst total = ages.reduce((sum, n) => sum + n);\n\t\tconst avg =\n\t\t\tages.reduce((sum, n, age) => sum + n*(age + 20), 0) \/\n\t\t\ttotal;\n\t\tlet median;\n\t\tages.reduce((sum, n, age) => {\n\t\t\tif (total \/ 2 >= sum && total \/ 2 <= sum + n) {\n\t\t\t\tmedian = age + 20;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\treturn sum + n;\n\t\t})\n\t\tnew Chart(chart, {\n\t\t\tdata: {\n\t\t\t\tlabels: [...Array(80).keys()].map(age => age + 20),\n\t\t\t\tdatasets: [{\n\t\t\t\t\ttype: 'line',\n\t\t\t\t\tlabel: name,\n\t\t\t\t\tdata: ages.map((y, x) => ({x:x+20, y})),\n\t\t\t\t\tborderColor: '#a8a0a0',\n\t\t\t\t\tpointStyle: false,\n\t\t\t\t\ttension: 0.2\n\t\t\t\t}, {\n\t\t\t\t\ttype: 'bar',\n\t\t\t\t\tlabel: name,\n\t\t\t\t\tdata: ages.map((y, x) => ({x:x+20, y})),\n\t\t\t\t\tbackgroundColor: '#e0d0d0',\n\t\t\t\t\tbarThickness: 1\n\t\t\t\t}, {\n\t\t\t\t\ttype: 'bar',\n\t\t\t\t\tdata: [{x: avg, y: 14}],\n\t\t\t\t\tbackgroundColor: '#cf2e2e',\n\t\t\t\t\tbarThickness: 0.25\n\t\t\t\t}, {\n\t\t\t\t\ttype: 'bar',\n\t\t\t\t\tdata: [{x: median, y: 14}],\n\t\t\t\t\tbackgroundColor: '#ff6900',\n\t\t\t\t\tbarThickness: 0.25\n\t\t\t\t}]\n\t\t\t},\n\t\t\toptions: {\n\t\t\t\tplugins: {\n\t\t\t\t\tlegend: {display: false},\n\t\t\t\t\ttitle: {display: true, text: knLANG == 'Kh'?\n\t\t\t\t\t\t`${name}, \u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u1792\u17d2\u1799\u1798 ${knLang(Number(avg).toFixed(1))}`:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t`${name}, ${Number(avg).toFixed(1)} avg`}\n\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\tscales: {\n\t\t\t\t\tx: {\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttype: 'linear',\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmin: 20,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmax: 100,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tgrid: {offset: false}\n\t\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\t\ty: {max: 14}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t});\n\t\tprovinces.appendChild(chart);\n\t});\n}\n\nfunction Color(name) {\n\t\/\/ This is needed because scripts in article bodies automatically get zero-spaced. The colors object has zero-space operators, but not the spreadsheet Khmer.\n\treturn Object.entries(colors).find(([party, color]) => knTrim(party) == name)[1];\n}\n\nconst colors = knLANG == 'Kh'? {\n\t\"\u1782\u178e\u1794\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u179f\u17c6\u1794\u17bb\u1780\u1783\u17d2\u1798\u17bb\u17c6\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u1798\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17c1\u1799\u17d2\u1799\":\"#c0e080\",\n\t\"\u1782\u178e\u1794\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u1787\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17c1\u1799\u17d2\u1799\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1796\u17bb\u1787\u17b6\":\"#a0a040\",\n\t\"\u1782\u178e\u1794\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u179f\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1796\u17bb\u1787\u17b6\":\"#c0c040\",\n\t\"\u1782\u178e\u1794\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u1793\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1796\u17bb\u1787\u17b6\":\"#f0c0a0\",\n\t\"\u1782\u178e\u1794\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u1799\u17bb\u179c\u1787\u1793\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1796\u17bb\u1787\u17b6\":\"#806060\",\n\t\"\u1782\u178e\u1794\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17c1\u1799\u17d2\u1799\":\"#c04040\",\n\t\"\u1782\u178e\u1794\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1792\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17c1\u1799\u17d2\u1799\":\"#c08040\",\n\t\"\u1782\u178e\u1794\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17af\u1780\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u1781\u17d2\u1798\u17c2\u179a\":\"#a040a0\",\n\t\"\u1782\u178e\u1794\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\":\"#a0c080\",\n\t\"\u1782\u178e\u1794\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17a0\u17ca\u17d2\u179c\u17bb\u1793\u179f\u17ca\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17c9\u17b7\u1785\":\"#ffd820\",\n\t\"\u1782\u178e\u1794\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17c1\u1799\u17d2\u1799\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b6\u1793\":\"#40a040\",\n\t\"\u1782\u178e\u1794\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u1781\u17d2\u1798\u17c2\u179a\u1788\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17d2\u179a\":\"#e0c0c0\",\n\t\"\u1782\u178e\u1794\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u1781\u17d2\u1798\u17c2\u179a\u17a2\u1797\u17b7\u179a\u1780\u17d2\u179f\":\"#80c0ff\",\n\t\"\u1782\u178e\u1794\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u1781\u17d2\u1798\u17c2\u179a\u17a2\u1797\u17b7\u179c\u178c\u17d2\u178d\u1793\u17cd\u179f\u17c1\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u1780\u17b7\u1785\u17d2\u1785\":\"#c0e0c0\",\n\t\"\u1782\u178e\u1794\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u1781\u17d2\u1798\u17c2\u179a\u179a\u17bd\u1794\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\":\"#404080\",\n\t\"\u1782\u178e\u1794\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u1781\u17d2\u1798\u17c2\u179a\u178f\u17c2\u1798\u17bd\u1799\":\"#e08040\",\n\t\"\u1782\u178e\u1794\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u1794\u17c6\u178e\u1784\u1796\u179b\u179a\u178a\u17d2\u178b\":\"#c08080\",\n\t\"\u1782\u178e\u1794\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\":\"#a080e0\"\n}:{\n\t'Beehive Social Democratic Party': '#c0e080',\n\t'Cambodia Indigenous Peoples Democracy Party': '#a0a040',\n\t'Cambodian Nationality Party': '#c0c040',\n\t'Cambodian People\\'s Party': '#f0c0a0',\n\t'Cambodian Youth Party': '#806060',\n\t'Democracy Power Party': '#c04040',\n\t'Dharmacracy Party': '#c08040',\n\t'Ekpheap Cheat Khmer Party': '#a040a0',\n\t'Farmer\\'s Party': '#a0c080',\n\t'Funcinpec': '#ffd820',\n\t'Grassroots Democracy Party': '#40a040',\n\t'Khmer Anti-Poverty Party': '#e0c0c0',\n\t'Khmer Conservative Party': '#80c0ff',\n\t'Khmer Economic Development Party': '#c0e0c0',\n\t'Khmer National United Party': '#404080',\n\t'Khmer United Party': '#e08040',\n\t'People Purpose Party': '#c08080',\n\t'Women for Women Party': '#a080e0'\n}\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gender Disparity<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Women\u2019s representation in the National Assembly is backsliding. The CPP, which will win most if not all seats in July in the absence of its primary challengers, has selected only 16 women candidates out of 125, or 13% of the total.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That\u2019s down from 26 sitting CPP women lawmakers. Currently, two of three Kratie lawmakers are women \u2014 an unusually high number nationwide. But the CPP put forward neither of them as candidates in 2023, instead making the province\u2019s representation all-male.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also absent from the list this time are all sitting women lawmakers from Battambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Thom and Pursat. Phnom Penh also lost three of its five women lawmakers in the CPP\u2019s latest candidates list.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2020, the National Assembly <a href=\"http:\/\/nac.org.kh\/Images\/Women%20in%20leadership-Eng-Final.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3cd1-pB470oO2T9SDMSnqxDtxXdSajMPKr0_qISph0vnwMm-DHJmZxJlg\">issued a report<\/a> lauding the increase in the number of women lawmakers from seven in 1993 to 26 in 2018. It said the government\u2019s strategy prioritized promoting women among leaders at national and sub-national levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPromoting gender equality in leadership positions is a crucial catalyst to tackle inequality and alleviate poverty in Cambodia,\u201d it said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Among other parties, Funcinpec has less than 6% women while the Women\u2019s Party for Women has 78%. Overall, 32% of candidates are women.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!-- PART 2: GENDER -->\n\n<h5>Women Candidates by Party<\/h5>\n<div id=\"gender-by-party\"><\/div>\n<h5>Women Candidates by Province<\/h5>\n<div id=\"gender-by-province\"><\/div>\n\n<style>\n#gender-by-party, #gender-by-province {\n\tdisplay: flex;\n\tflex-wrap: wrap;\n\tjustify-content: center;\n\tgap: 1rem;\n}\n#gender-by-party > canvas, #gender-by-province > canvas {\n\tflex-basis: 0;\n\tflex-grow: 1;\n\tmargin-bottom: 1rem;\n}\n#gender-by-party > canvas {\n\tmax-width: 12rem;\n\tmax-height: 9rem;\n}\n#gender-by-province > canvas {\n\tmax-width: 10rem;\n\tmax-height: 7.5rem;\n}\n\n\/* Mobile *\/\n@media screen and (max-width: 640px) {\n  #gender-by-party > canvas, #gender-by-province > canvas {\n    max-width: 9rem;\n    max-height: 6.75rem;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<script>\nfunction _Gender() {\n\tconst by_party = knDATA['ElecCands-2023']\n\t\t.reduce((parties, row) => {\n\t\t\tparties[row.Party_En] = parties[row.Party_En] || {F:0, M:0};\n\t\t\tparties[row.Party_En][row.Sex] += 1;\n\t\t\treturn parties;\n\t\t}, {});\n\tconst by_province = knDATA['ElecCands-2023']\n\t\t.reduce((provinces, row) => {\n\t\t\tprovinces[row.Province] = provinces[row.Province] || {F:0, M:0};\n\t\t\tprovinces[row.Province][row.Sex] += 1;\n\t\t\treturn provinces;\n\t\t}, {});\n\n\tconst parties = document.getElementById('gender-by-party');\n\tObject.entries(by_party).forEach(([name, gender]) => {\n\t\tconst chart = document.createElement('canvas');\n\t\tnew Chart(chart, {\n\t\t\ttype: 'doughnut',\n\t\t\tdata: {\n\t\t\t\tlabels: ['Female', 'Male'],\n\t\t\t\tdatasets: [{\n\t\t\t\t\tdata: Object.values(gender),\n\t\t\t\t\tbackgroundColor: [Color(name) || '#e0d0d0', '#a8a0a0']\n\t\t\t\t}]\n\t\t\t},\n\t\t\toptions: {\n\t\t\t\tplugins: {\n\t\t\t\t\tlegend: {display: false},\n\t\t\t\t\ttitle: {display: true, text: knLANG == 'Kh'?\n\t\t\t\t\t\t`${name}, ${knLang(Number(gender.F*100\/(gender.F + gender.M)).toFixed(1))}%`:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t`${name}, ${Number(gender.F*100\/(gender.F + gender.M)).toFixed(1)}%`}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t});\n\t\tparties.appendChild(chart);\n\t});\n\n\tconst provinces = document.getElementById('gender-by-province');\n\tObject.entries(by_province).sort((a, b) => knSort(a[0], b[0])).forEach(([name, gender]) => {\n\t\tconst chart = document.createElement('canvas');\n\t\tnew Chart(chart, {\n\t\t\ttype: 'doughnut',\n\t\t\tdata: {\n\t\t\t\tlabels: ['Female', 'Male'],\n\t\t\t\tdatasets: [{\n\t\t\t\t\tdata: Object.values(gender),\n\t\t\t\t\tbackgroundColor: ['#e0d0d0', '#a8a0a0']\n\t\t\t\t}]\n\t\t\t},\n\t\t\toptions: {\n\t\t\t\tplugins: {\n\t\t\t\t\tlegend: {display: false},\n\t\t\t\t\ttitle: {display: true, text: knLANG == 'Kh'?\n\t\t\t\t\t\t`${name}, ${knLang(Number(gender.F*100\/(gender.F + gender.M)).toFixed(1))}%`:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t`${name}, ${Number(gender.F*100\/(gender.F + gender.M)).toFixed(1)}%`}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t});\n\t\tprovinces.appendChild(chart);\n\t})\n}\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Unequal Votes<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Cambodia\u2019s National Assembly seat allocations have changed little since 1993. Kep, Oddar Meanchey and Pailin were newly added with one seat each, and Preah Sihanouk\u2019s share expanded from one to three, growing the elected body from 120 to 125. Part of Kampong Cham was split into Tbong Khmum. All other provinces have remained the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, between the censuses of 1998 and 2019, Phnom Penh has more than doubled in population \u2014 from 1 million to 2.3 million residents \u2014 while other large provinces like Kampong Cham, Kandal and Prey Veng have grown only 4 to 12%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This means Phnom Penh has fewer seats per population than most other parts of the country, disenfranchising its voters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nationwide, there is around one National Assembly seat per 124,000 people. This makes Phnom Penh\u2019s 12 seats proportionate to a population of only 1.5 million. For Phnom Penh to be fairly represented, it would need 18 seats in parliament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By contrast, votes in small provinces count more, including Kep and Pailin which have a seat each for their populations of 42,000 and 75,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!-- PART 3: SEATS -->\n\n<div id=\"seat-pop\">\n\t<canvas id=\"seats-1998\"><\/canvas>\n\t<canvas id=\"seats-2019\"><\/canvas>\n<\/div>\n\n<style>\n#seats-1998, #seats-2019 {\n\tmargin-bottom: 1rem;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<script>\nconst prov_1998 = knLANG == 'Kh'? [\n\t'\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17d0\u1799', '\u1794\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u1784', '\u1780\u17c6\u1796\u1784\u17cb\u1785\u17b6\u1798', '\u1780\u17c6\u1796\u1784\u17cb\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1784', '\u1780\u17c6\u1796\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1796\u17ba', '\u1780\u17c6\u1796\u1784\u17cb\u1792\u17c6', '\u1780\u17c6\u1796\u178f', '\u1780\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u179b', '\u1780\u17c2\u1794', '\u1780\u17c4\u17c7\u1780\u17bb\u1784', '\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u1785\u17c1\u17c7', '\u1798\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u179b\u1782\u17b7\u179a\u17b8', '\u1794\u17c9\u17c3\u179b\u17b7\u1793', '\u1797\u17d2\u1793\u17c6\u1796\u17c1\u1789', '\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179f\u17b8\u17a0\u1793\u17bb', '\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179c\u17b7\u17a0\u17b6\u179a', '\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c3\u179c\u17c2\u1784', '\u1796\u17c4\u1792\u17b7\u17cd\u179f\u17b6\u178f\u17cb', '\u179a\u178f\u1793\u1782\u17b7\u179a\u17b8', '\u179f\u17c0\u1798\u179a\u17b6\u1794', '\u179f\u17d2\u1791\u17b9\u1784\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u1784', '\u179f\u17d2\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u17c0\u1784', '\u178f\u17b6\u1780\u17c2\u179c'\n]:[\n\t'Banteay Meanchey', 'Battambang', 'Kampong Cham', 'Kampong Chhnang', 'Kampong Speu', 'Kampong Thom', 'Kampot', 'Kandal', 'Kep', 'Koh Kong', 'Kratie', 'Mondulkiri', 'Pailin', 'Phnom Penh', 'Preah Sihanouk', 'Preah Vihear', 'Prey Veng', 'Pursat', 'Ratanakiri', 'Siem Reap', 'Stung Treng', 'Svay Rieng', 'Takeo'\n]\n\nconst seats_1998 = [\n\t6, 8, 18, 4, 6, 6, 6, 11, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 12, 1, 1, 11, 4, 1, 6, 1, 5, 8\n]\n\nconst pop_1998 = [\n\t577772, 793129, 1608914, 417693, 598882, 569060, 528405, 1075125, 28660, 132106, 263175, 32407, 22906, 999804, 155690, 119261, 946042, 360445, 94243, 696164, 81074, 478252, 790168\n]\n\nconst prov_2023 = knLANG == 'Kh'? [\n\t'\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17d0\u1799', '\u1794\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u1784', '\u1780\u17c6\u1796\u1784\u17cb\u1785\u17b6\u1798', '\u1780\u17c6\u1796\u1784\u17cb\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1784', '\u1780\u17c6\u1796\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1796\u17ba', '\u1780\u17c6\u1796\u1784\u17cb\u1792\u17c6', '\u1780\u17c6\u1796\u178f', '\u1780\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u179b', '\u1780\u17c2\u1794', '\u1780\u17c4\u17c7\u1780\u17bb\u1784', '\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u1785\u17c1\u17c7', '\u1798\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u179b\u1782\u17b7\u179a\u17b8', '\u1794\u17c9\u17c3\u179b\u17b7\u1793', '\u1797\u17d2\u1793\u17c6\u1796\u17c1\u1789', '\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179f\u17b8\u17a0\u1793\u17bb', '\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179c\u17b7\u17a0\u17b6\u179a', '\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c3\u179c\u17c2\u1784', '\u1796\u17c4\u1792\u17b7\u17cd\u179f\u17b6\u178f\u17cb', '\u179a\u178f\u1793\u1782\u17b7\u179a\u17b8', '\u179f\u17c0\u1798\u179a\u17b6\u1794', '\u179f\u17d2\u1791\u17b9\u1784\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u1784', '\u179f\u17d2\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u17c0\u1784', '\u178f\u17b6\u1780\u17c2\u179c', '\u178f\u17d2\u1794\u17bc\u1784\u1783\u17d2\u1798\u17bb\u17c6'\n]:[\n\t'Banteay Meanchey', 'Battambang', 'Kampong Cham', 'Kampong Chhnang', 'Kampong Speu', 'Kampong Thom', 'Kampot', 'Kandal', 'Kep', 'Koh Kong', 'Kratie', 'Mondulkiri', 'Oddar Meanchey', 'Pailin', 'Phnom Penh', 'Preah Sihanouk', 'Preah Vihear', 'Prey Veng', 'Pursat', 'Ratanakiri', 'Siem Reap', 'Stung Treng', 'Svay Rieng', 'Takeo', 'Tbong Khmum'\n]\n\nconst seats_2023 = [\n\t6, 8, 10, 4, 6, 6, 6, 11, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 12, 1, 1, 11, 4, 1, 6, 1, 5, 8, 8\n]\n\nconst pop_2019 = [\n\t861883, 997169, 899791, 527027, 877523, 681549, 593829, 1201581, 42665, 125902, 374755, 92213, 276038, 75112, 2281951, 310072, 254827, 1057720, 419952, 217453, 1014234, 165713, 525497, 900914, 776841\n]\n\n_Representation()\nfunction _Representation() {\n\tconst sorted_1998 = prov_1998.map((prov, n) => ({\n\t\tprov, seats: seats_1998[n], pop: pop_1998[n]\n\t})).sort((a, b) => a.pop - b.pop)\n\tnew Chart('seats-1998', {\n\t\tdata: {\n\t\t\tlabels: sorted_1998.map(row => row.prov),\n\t\t\tdatasets: [{\n\t\t\t\ttype: 'bar',\n\t\t\t\tlabel: knLANG == 'Kh'? '\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u1793': 'Population',\n\t\t\t\tdata: sorted_1998.map(row => row.pop),\n\t\t\t\tbackgroundColor: '#ff6900c0',\n\t\t\t\tyAxisID: 'popY'\n\t\t\t}, {\n\t\t\t\ttype: 'bar',\n\t\t\t\tlabel: knLANG == 'Kh'? '\u1780\u17c5\u17a2\u17b8': 'Seats',\n\t\t\t\tdata: sorted_1998.map(row => row.seats),\n\t\t\t\tbackgroundColor: '#9b51e0c0',\n\t\t\t\tyAxisID: 'seatY'\n\t\t\t}]\n\t\t},\n\t\toptions: {\n\t\t\taspectRatio: window.innerWidth < 640? 1:2,\n\t\t\tscales: {\n\t\t\t\tseatY: {\n\t\t\t\t\ttype: 'linear',\n\t\t\t\t\tposition: 'right',\n\t\t\t\t\tmin: 0,\n\t\t\t\t\tmax: 18\n\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\tpopY: {\n\t\t\t\t\ttype: 'linear',\n\t\t\t\t\tmin: 0,\n\t\t\t\t\tmax: 1673803,\n\t\t\t\t\tgrid: {display: false}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t},\n\t\t\tplugins: {\n\t\t\t\ttitle: {\n\t\t\t\t\tdisplay: true,\n\t\t\t\t\ttext: knLANG == 'Kh'?\n\t\t\t\t\t\t'\u17e1\u17e9\u17e9\u17e8 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u1793\u200b \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u200b \u1780\u17c5\u17a2':\n\t\t\t\t\t\t'1998 Population vs. Seats'\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t})\n\n\tconst sorted_2019 = prov_2023.map((prov, n) => ({\n\t\tprov, seats: seats_2023[n], pop: pop_2019[n]\n\t})).sort((a, b) => a.pop - b.pop)\n\tnew Chart('seats-2019', {\n\t\tdata: {\n\t\t\tlabels: sorted_2019.map(row => row.prov),\n\t\t\tdatasets: [{\n\t\t\t\ttype: 'bar',\n\t\t\t\tlabel: knLANG == 'Kh'? '\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u1793': 'Population',\n\t\t\t\tdata: sorted_2019.map(row => row.pop),\n\t\t\t\tbackgroundColor: '#ff6900c0',\n\t\t\t\tyAxisID: 'popY'\n\t\t\t}, {\n\t\t\t\ttype: 'bar',\n\t\t\t\tlabel: knLANG == 'Kh'? '\u1780\u17c5\u17a2\u17b8': 'Seats',\n\t\t\t\tdata: sorted_2019.map(row => row.seats),\n\t\t\t\tbackgroundColor: '#9b51e0c0',\n\t\t\t\tyAxisID: 'seatY'\n\t\t\t}]\n\t\t},\n\t\toptions: {\n\t\t\taspectRatio: window.innerWidth < 640? 1:2,\n\t\t\tscales: {\n\t\t\t\tseatY: {\n\t\t\t\t\ttype: 'linear',\n\t\t\t\t\tposition: 'right',\n\t\t\t\t\tmin: 0,\n\t\t\t\t\tmax: 18\n\t\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t\tpopY: {\n\t\t\t\t\ttype: 'linear',\n\t\t\t\t\tmin: 0,\n\t\t\t\t\tmax: 2281951,\n\t\t\t\t\tgrid: {display: false}\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t},\n\t\t\tplugins: {\n\t\t\t\ttitle: {\n\t\t\t\t\tdisplay: true,\n\t\t\t\t\ttext: knLANG == 'Kh'?\n\t\t\t\t\t\t'\u17e2\u17e0\u17e1\u17e9 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u1793\u200b \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u200b \u1780\u17c5\u17a2\u17b8\u200b':\n\t\t\t\t\t\t'2019 Population vs. Seats'\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t})\n}\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Click&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/kamnotra.io\/en\/cambodia-election-2023\/\"><em>here<\/em><\/a><em>&nbsp;to explore our ongoing database of election statements and information.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Some 1,614 candidates from 18 parties will contest the July 23 vote, which continues to be skewed by gender disparities and imbalances between provinces.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2560,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pgc_sgb_lightbox_settings":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[93],"class_list":["post-2320","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-election-2023"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamnotra.io\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2320","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamnotra.io\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamnotra.io\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamnotra.io\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamnotra.io\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2320"}],"version-history":[{"count":86,"href":"https:\/\/kamnotra.io\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2320\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5448,"href":"https:\/\/kamnotra.io\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2320\/revisions\/5448"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamnotra.io\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2560"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamnotra.io\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2320"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamnotra.io\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2320"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamnotra.io\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2320"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}